Write a paper that explains where I am so far in school and what I Essay

Compose a paper that clarifies where I am so far in school and what I have achieved - Essay Example From there on, I took in the business science that incorporates normal, blends, and calculation of intrigue. Likewise, as a piece of science, I figured out how to deal with limiting of bills, how to compute rates, proportions and extents. From there on, there was rudimentary insights that included geological introduction of factual information, proportions of focal propensity, proportions of scattering and so on. From that point, there was prologue to PC that encouraged how PC is utilized in the business world, and the motivation behind different programming. Furthermore, this gave me a thought on how different projects are viably utilized in different business needs. As a piece of this, I got an opportunity to get familiar with the pragmatic utilization of web and email. From that point, there was useful preparing on composing and keyboarding that helped me gain capability in the equivalent. The last part was business office practices and methodology. This part gave a knowledge into the different normal techniques in the business workplaces, and the morals one ought to hold fast to in such circumstances. Presently, the rest of the parts are business English, business activities fundamentals, email applications and projects, information preparing and spreadsheet aptitudes, introduction application abilities, and business office techniques and practices. Business English methods the English language utilized in global business. As indicated by Guffey, it is imperative to become familiar with this since it improves ones capacity to communicate with individuals from different nations (xv). Furthermore, the quick development in innovation made organizations worldwide with business tasks far and wide. Along these lines, it is essential to have great information on business English for powerful exchanges. The following part to be secured is business activities abilities that will give more information about various segments of an office workstation, different buying frameworks, various methods of outlining

Abraham Van Helsing Essay

Honesty, modesty, immaculateness, and wedded life are only a couple of things that made up the ‘image’ of the nineteenth century Victorian lady. During this time, it was significantly looked downward on if a lady decided to remain single, as she would be felt sorry for and named a â€Å"whore†. Lucy Westenra is one of the primary characters in the novel, Dracula by Bram Stoker. Lucy is an excellent youngster whose honesty and idealistic being attracts three admirers to her. In spite of the fact that, this depicted blamelessness isn't the main thing that is drawing these men towards her. Lucy has a sexual intrigue to her character, entirely different than her closest companion Mina Murray and the run of the mill Victorian lady. This feeling of sexual want will in the end lead her directly into the hazardous and underhandedness arms of Count Dracula. The Count just can assault willing casualties, which is the reason the explicitly determined Victorian lady, Lucy Westenra is the main character to get defrauded by Dracula’s dangerous spell. Tally Dracula was a shrewd, scurrilous vampire who needed only force and control. He lived in an Eastern European nation called, Transylvania. The Count went after any person who might cause him to feel in charge and ground-breaking of the circumstance. This is the reason Lucy Westenra was focused on and made Dracula’s first casualty. The primary particular record Lucy and Mina experience was the point at which they see a Russian boat destroyed close to the shore and hear that the there was no life on board and the skipper had kicked the bucket grasping a cross. Not long after the record, Lucy began strangely rest strolling numerous night straight into the cemetery close to her home. One night, Mina had awoken the Rowatt 3 discover Lucy missing and not in her bed, she at that point discovered her outside with an animal with radiating red eyes slouched over her. Mina attempted to spare her companion however when she got over yonder, the animal was no more. In the first part of the day Mina had discovered unusual spots on Lucy’s neck and subsequent to battling for quite a long time Lucy turned out to be dreadful wiped out and begun to change before everyone’s eyes. Unwittingly, she was changing into a too normal and perilous type of herself while dead and lying in a virus grave. â€Å"Indeed, it isn't just Lucy and Mina who are drastically changed in the depleting, however Dracula himself, whose changes are substantially more differed and complex than those of his victims.† (Pg. 238, Viragh) Count Dracula had stripped this lady of her blamelessness and temperance by changing her to a malevolent vampire simply like him. Dracula currently had power over Lucy yet simply because she was happy to let him control her. In the nineteenth century, wandering ceaselessly from who a lady should be as per the Roman Catholic Church is sin. A lady was never to be with more than one man, however was to be hitched and totally dedicated to her accomplice. This century was decided by â€Å"the conviction that an individual’s sex and sexuality structure the most fundamental center of their personality, possibility, social/political standing, and freedom† (Pg. 1, Ridgway) Lucy Westenra had a totally unique attitude as she communicated in a letter to her dear companion Mina. â€Å"Why can’t they let a young lady wed three men, or the same number of as need her, and spare this trouble?† (Pg. 66, Stoker) After Lucy expresses these words in her letter, she promptly admits to her musings and activities being apostasy. Because she admitted Rowatt 4 to this wrongdoing against the congregation and her convictions doesn't just reduce Lucy’s sexual want. This distinction among Lucy and other nineteenth century righteous ladies was not only a period of defiance, it was mental. Lucy is completely mindful that she is wanted by numerous men and she lets that get into her head, basically she is taking care of off the consideration. This powerlessness and transparency is the reason Lucy Westenra is Count Dracula’s first and most straightforward objective. The first run through the Count begins to get into Lucy’s head is after her and Mina see the destroyed vessel upon shore, containing the holders of earth. These were Dracula’s dozing quarters. This reality was not known by the ladies at that point, however not long after this occasion is when Lucy begins to rest walk. This rest strolling isn't a fortuitous event yet is mentally associated with her wicked wants of vulgarity. Tally Dracula just has the force the assault willing casualties, which must be Lucy knew in her subliminal what she was doing by going out to the burial ground at evenings. This spell Dracula puts on Lucy is a similar spell he put on the three ladies who now life in Dracula Castle with him. These ladies were similarly as blameless and upright as Lucy was and are currently sex crazed and abhorrent similarly as the Count seems to be. This â€Å"spell† was an approach to subvert ladies with the goal that Dracula would feel ground-breaking and controlling over them. Basically, Lucy Westenra was an apparently temperate nineteenth century Victorian lady who really had hidden sexual wants. These wants made the most of Lucy powerless against Dracula, who was overwhelmed by overseeing his casualties. As a result of her obscene estate, Lucy was attracted to the assault of Dracula and fell under his profound spell. From that point on there was no turning around. Works Cited Stoker, Bram. Dracula. 1897. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Viragh, Attila. â€Å"Can The Vampire Speak? Dracula As Discourse On Cultural Extinction.† English Literature In Transition, 1880-1920 56.2 (2013): 231-245. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 25 Sept. 2013. Ridgway, Stephan. â€Å"Victorian Sexuality† in â€Å"Sexuality and Modernity† initially composed as a talk for Sociology at Sydney University, 1996. Isis Creations. Web. 12 Nov. 2010.

Out of the Office - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Out of the Office - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Out of the Office I will be out of the office for the next five days or so (Spring Break!), so I will not be responding to any questions or comments on the blog during this time. As such, I would suggest holding your questions until I return, or search out the answers on this blog and/or the UGA Admissions website before commenting. Hopefully, I hope to return fully re-charged and ready for comments. After hearing that some people check this blog daily, I suggest that this would be a good chance to step away from the blog, take a walk, see a movie, read a book or two, relax in the sun, and play some putt-putt golf (all the things that I will be doing!), and I will be back shortly! Out of the Office - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Out of the Office I will be out of the office for the next two weeks, so I will not be able to reply to any comment until after I return. If you are not able to wait until then for an answer to your question, I suggest you reach out to our office directly. Go Dawgs!

Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 986 Words

â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† written by Jane Austen is set in the Regency era. Jane Austen wanted to show us the life of women in society during this time. Jane did this through Elizabeth. Elizabeth’s whole life is about making relationships. One never knows what to expect the turn out of her relationships are going to be. In Elizabeth’s, relationships of love and twist with Darcy, Wickham, Georgiana, and Lady Catherine de Bourgh first impressions do not set the tone for life. Throughout the book wealth and status seem to be the definition of Happiness. This is not the case with Elizabeth. Elizabeth wants love to be happy. Her first impression with Mr. Darcy was not the best. From the book she thought he was a very proud man. His manners were not†¦show more content†¦Now Elizabeth does not always have bad first impressions, but that does not mean her first impressions are always right either. Mr. Wickham, she thought was a very well-mannered swell man. In the ballroom when they first meet Mr. Wickham seemed to have eyes just for her by this quote â€Å"Mr. Wickham was the happy man towards whom almost every female eye was turned, and Elizabeth was the happy women by whom he finally seated himself† (37). She thought she could have a serious relationship with him. She was starting to get close to him even as he drove her away from Mr. Darcy. Her option changed from good to bad quickly, however Elizabeth later thought Wickham was a horrible ma n hiding it with his polite manner. She lost all respect for him toward the end of the book. Her first impression of Wickham was not something that she could have stuck with. Wickham was definitely not the man of her dreams! Even though Georgiana did not have a major role in this book Elizabeth did grow to have a relationship with her. Here is a quote from Elizabeth’s thoughts about Georgiana at first â€Å"She found it difficult to obtain even a word from her beyond a monosyllable† (120). As seen from the quote Elizabeth at first thought of Georgiana as just Mr. Darcy’s shy little sister that she could not keep a conversation with. She never thought of her as a bad girl. Elizabeth maybe even felt

Henrik Ibsen The Father of Modernism in Theatre Essay

Henrik Ibsen: The Father of Modernism in Theatre Rank, deadly pessimistic, a disease, evil to be deprecated (Bordman and Hischak 1). Who would have thought such words would be used to describe the work of the man who swept modernism into theatre? Henrik Ibsen’s life was not one to envy. The shame the surrounded his childhood and seeped into his adulthood greatly impacted his writing. Infusing his plays with highly controversial themes, which lacked the current sunny air of Victorian values which Europe held in such a high regard, which led him to make a lasting impact on theatre. However despite the depression and poverty that surrounded Ibsen’s life, as well as having his work often dubbed pessimistic and unwanted, he left an every†¦show more content†¦During Ibsens life him home land of Norway was rejoicing after gaining independence from Sweden, and therefore being allowed to have a separate monarchy. This time of celebration influenced Ibsen’s writi ngs, filling his works with a great sense of nationalism (Powers 1). Nineteenth century Europe was dominated by Victorian values, something all of Ibsen’s work clearly went against. Victorian values bubbled down to proper families and sexual restraint. Ibsen’s plays were full of cheating couples and illegitimate children, not exactly material considered welcome in theatre at the time (Bordman and Hischak 1). Henrik Ibsen published several plays that were highly recognized, sometimes for the level of disgust they caused, and sometimes for their sheer brilliance. One of Ibsen’s better known works, An Enemy of the People, not only bashed Victorian right views but liberal views in showing how one person can stand against society. The Wild Duck, known as one of Ibsen’s most prominent works, highlights on affairs, clearly steeping against Victorian values. Whereas his Peer Gynt is not only disturbing realistic, but also explores folk lore and the unconscious . These plays, among Ibsen’s work greatly stirred the emotions of their audiences. Many found Ibsen’s plays disgusting, immoral and dreary. Not only did Ibsen’s plays clearly contradict Victorian values, but they forced people to question everyday norms. Audiences tended to think of theatreShow MoreRelatedHerik Ibsen: Father of Modern Drama1459 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Shivany Condor Mrs. Besnard IB English HL2 21 November 2013 Henrik Ibsen as â€Å"The Father of Modern Drama† Henrik Ibsen has long been referred to as the Father of Modern Drama, and such title has rightly been given so. Mr. Ibsen was one of the pioneer theatre dramaturges that began the Modernism Movement, primarily known as the Realism Movement. Modernism/Realism was a revolutionary idea back in Ibsen s time. Many concepts of theater - including plots, dialogue, and characters – were renovatedRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House2479 Words   |  10 PagesDoll s House is a play by Henrik Ibsen. Ibsen is Norwegian playwright, and Ibsen was born in 1828 in Skien, a town in the Norway. Also, Henrik Ibsen is a famous Norwegian playwright, theatre director, and poet, and Henrik Ibsen is often considered as â€Å"the father† of modern theater and one of the founders of Modernism in the theatre. In this play, Ibsen makes many hints about the roles of society and how the female gender was treated at the time. From this play, Ibsen believed about the roles ofRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House899 Words   |  4 PagesAcclaimed as one of the principal playwrights that gave birth to modernism in theatre, Norwegian playwright and theatre director Henrik Ibsen pushed boundaries with his plays that analyzed and criticized societal norms and values. A Doll’s House provides one such example, where the play’s protagonist Nora leaves her husband in the final scene to undertake a spiritual journey of self-discovery. An alternative ending was made for this play posthumously as a result of the controversy it caused at theRead MoreA Doll’S House. By Henrik Ibsen. Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906),974 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House By Henrik Ibsen Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906), Norway’s major playwright and poet during the 19th century, was a pioneer of Western modernism (Wikipedia). His plays founded the realist school of Western theatre and some literary critics even consider him as â€Å"the father of realism† or refer to the rise of â€Å"Ibsenism† (iii) when discussing his work. A Doll’s House (1879) is one of the most influential plays in European literature because it created a new, realist style of staging plays, movingRead MoreMajor Influences Shaping Theatre Practice Today2101 Words   |  9 Pagesinfluences shaping theatre practice today? Throughout theatre history performances have changed to become more than the mere spectacles for audience to go and mindlessly observe, there have been many different factors effecting this change either through environmental, political or economic circumstances which has resulted in theatre becoming more meaningful whilst providing a wide range of genres. However in this essay I will be discussing the importance of feminism in modern theatre through the beginningRead MoreContrast Between Ancient Greek Theatre â€Å"Antigone† and Modern Russian Theatre in â€Å"the Cherry Orchard†.1695 Words   |  7 PagesContrast between Ancient Greek Theatre â€Å"Antigone† and Modern Russian Theatre in â€Å"The Cherry Orchard†. Theatre which is a main source of entertainment has made various stories in her womb regarding theatres in all over the world like African, Yoruba theatre, Asian Theatre, Middle-East Theatre and Western Theatre like Greek Theatres and Modern Russian Theatre. First of all, Greek theatre seems to have its roots in religious celebration that incorporated song and dance. Like this Greek theater shadowedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter s The Room 9709 Words   |  39 Pagesfind that his anxieties were inexorable. It was during the inter-war years that Pinter was born on 10th October 1930 to a Jewish couple, Hyman Pinter and Frances Pinter at Hackney, East London. A working class, Jewish tailor by profession, Pinter’s father worked terribly hard to make ends meet and raise his family. The cosmopolitan nature of Hackney with its working class people, factory and a lot of railway yards was the milieu in which Pinter spent his initial childhood years till the outbreak of Read MoreExploration Notes- as Level Drama and Theatre Studies- Metamorphosis and a Dolls House4285 Words   |  18 Pagesand learn the skill of tailoring like his father had done. During his stay, he was given the book â€Å"Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka. When he read this, he could instantly make connections between himself and Gregor. After this, he went back to the East End and started writing plays. Unlike his fellow playwrights John Osbourne and Edward Bond, he believed drama should still be abstract. Berkoff was influenced by Greek theatre; he was a â€Å"Megalomaniac of theatre styles† who loved over exaggeration and

Meaning of Being Educated Free Essays

The Meaning of Being an Educated Person Being educated is one of the most important attribute a person can have. However, there is a difference between being educated from experience and being educated from readings and schoolwork. Though being knowledgeable through experience allows a person to be thought of as well-rounded, the basics of his or her own rights and abilities are often overlooked. We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning of Being Educated or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not too many people can recite all of their rights and capabilities and be able to explain them to an outsider. The American legal system is increasingly important with the constant changes in what is acceptable to our society. Being well-educated in the rights of one’s country allows for a citizen to become more involved and in turn, appreciate his or her country. An exact definition of educated would be termed as â€Å"having an education or having knowledge based from fact†, according to the online Merriam-Webster Dictionary. To become educated, a person enters and may commit to a continuous process. Education is a process of gaining knowledge through self-examination and will, interactions with peers or elders, pure experience. One can even say that a person is educated through instinct alone. However, instinct alone cannot suffice if one wishes to enter the job force and rise in society. There is also a responsibility that comes along with gaining education. With the acquiring of knowledge there is the choice to use it to one’s advantage or to keep it to oneself. Education is variable. One can be more educated in law than another, and one can be more educated in music than another. How educated a person is is dependent on how much they want to learn about a subject. Not every piece of knowledge about the American government is handed to each citizen. Though many do not seek further education beyond high school, the resources are there for the use of learning and practicing one’s freedom. An example of a well-educated person in terms of an American’s rights and liberties would be a lawyer. A lawyer is schooled for many years about the legal system, including the laws and constitution of America. It is with their degree that lawyers gain the right and trust to provide legal advice and guidance. Some lawyers further their education and occupational ranking by becoming magistrates. Magistrates are looked upon has having a high education and understanding of the law, rights, and regulations of our society. Another example would be the occupation of a police officer. A police officer acts as a guide and stable hand to the society of America. A police officer learns and practices the constitutional law and keeps wrongdoers in check as much as possible. They create a safer environment for people to live in and lead by example by enforcing the rules as sternly as possible. When a criminal or delinquent is arrested they are confronted by the officer saying â€Å"you have the right to remain silent†. The police officer is making the citizen aware of their right as an American. When a business is made and operated, the owner or owners practice their legal rights as an American. These rights are laid out in exact detail through a contract signed in the process of starting a business. The owner is well educated in the law and rights that he or she must follow and practice. As a business owner, one will practice property rights most often. â€Å"Property is a set of legal rights to exclude others from interfering with one’s acquisition, possession, use, and transfer of limited resources† (Reed 451). By owning a business, a person has the right to acquire, dispose of, and use property freely. According to the Cato Handbook for Policymakers, property is the foundation of every right we Americans have, which includes the right to be free. Therefore, every land owner practices their rights as an American. â€Å"When laws are generally and equally applicable they will tend to produce a beneficial social order because lawmakers cannot benefit themselves exclusively but only as they also benefit the populace as a whole† (Reed 450). The laws are set in the U. S. Constitution in order to provide order and stability in the American society. The writers of the constitution were not as learned about society and democracy as people are today, but they were educated enough to realize what laws and guidelines would create a greater society and social system. The constitution allows for certain authorities to lead the United States. These authorities have a greater understanding and education about how society should work and run. With a greater education and understanding of the United States laws and freedoms, an American citizen has the capacity to appreciate and take part in their society. A well educated person has knowledge of fact and experience combined whether it is from schooling or by random occurrence. Through schooling, one can become part of the American government and practice the law by providing guidance and stability for citizens who may seem unaware. With numerous resources available to anyone in America, the ability to become well-educated in the subject of the government and the rights of the American citizen is easy. Works Cited A Summary of the US Constitution. n. d. 15 June 2011 lt;http://www2. waketech. edu/blogs/elcivics/files/2011/03/summary-of-the-USConstitution. pdf;gt;. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. â€Å"educated. † n. d. Merriam-Webster. com. 17 June 2011 ;lt; http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/educated;gt; â€Å"Property Rights and the Constitution. † Cato Handbook for Policymakers 7. (2009): 345-362 17 June 2011. Reed, O. Lee. â€Å"Law, The Rule of Law, and Property: A Foundation for the Private Market and Business Study. † American Business Law Journal 8. (2001): 441-474. Web. 17 June 2011. How to cite Meaning of Being Educated, Papers

What Techniques are Involved in Green Computing Essay Example

What Techniques are Involved in Green Computing Essay Green computing can be thought of as an environmentally conscious effort to make long-term computing sustainable by using energy efficient methods. The goals of green computing are similar to those of green chemistry, which try to minimize hazardous material use, maximize efficiency and enhance recyclability. Yet all this extra effort put into designs has a negative impact on system throughput. Therefore the question is posed, is the extra overhead involved in designing superior data centers, optimizing software algorithms, improving power management and recycling materials worth the benefits in the field of green computing? I believe they are as we are slowly running out of resources. Yet others take a stance that this will negatively affect system performance while computers are only a small percentage of the problem compared to vehicles which should be addressed first. Generally, data centers have an energy density of 100 to 200 an equally sized office building. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) Although most datacenters have a small design window which prevents new ideas for being used in favor of proven methods, taking the time to select a more efficient design can help immensely with the long term operating cost. U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) As IT loads account for around half the facilities energy consumption, choosing more expensive high efficiency machines will help reduce the necessary cooling and operating cost. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) Rack mounted servers are usually underutilized running around 20% of their working capacity yet consuming close to the full running energy. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) The Energy Star helps distinct regular servers from a high-efficiency machine; they will on average be 30% more efficient. (U. S.  Department of Energy, 2011) We will write a custom essay sample on What Techniques are Involved in Green Computing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Techniques are Involved in Green Computing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Techniques are Involved in Green Computing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Power management which is referred to as Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is used by manufacturers to allow software to interface with the underlying hardware and alter the power settings. This system allows the computer to go into sleep, hibernate and power off monitors. The processor’s power management techniques such as Intel’s †SpeedStep† and AMD’s â€Å"Cool’n’Quite† allow the clock speed to be altered to different predefined states (known as P-states) which decease power consumption at the expense of speed during periods of low activity. It is generally advisable to run tasks in blocks and turn off systems after to extend component life. (Roy Bag) Power management can possibly cause system failure, yet that must be assessed against the energy savings it can provide in non-mission critical applications. Multi-core processors allow significant energy savings on both the processing end and on the cooling end if the software is capable of taking advantage of the hardware. (U. S.  Department of Energy, 2011) Multi-threaded applications are become common with the advances in hardware, as more programmers focus on making more efficient programs it will be viable to upgrade older hardware for newer systems. An industry leader in server processors Sun Microsystems is focusing on multi-core chips for the future. (Roy Bag) The Niagara 1, Ultrasparc 1 has an average 60 watt power consumption while running 32 threads, while the Niagara 2 will have 64 threads at 80 watts of power. Roy Bag) The power savings compared to an Intel Pentium 4 with 2 threads consuming 89 to 103 watts clearly show the improvement in technology. (Intel Pentium 4 3. 4 GHz RK80546PG0961M (BX80546PG3400E)) Providing one power supply per server rack instead of one per server can offer savings around $2,000 to $6,000 per rack, these estimates take into consider the cooling system and interruptible power supplies. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) Blade servers are the key in this field. Blade servers are space and energy conscious design that allows common components such as power supplies and the cooling system to be common to a set of machines. Although they require an initial investment of the blade enclosure and compatible blade modules which are proprietary to each manufacturer the savings are considered to be worth it. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) Virtualization allows multiple independent operating systems to run on a single physical computer via the use of a hypervisor. (U. S. Department of Energy, 2011) Virtualization permits better use of hardware, instead of running multiple servers at a low utilization state, it is possible to run multiple â€Å"guest† operating systems on a virtualization cluster which can significantly decrease the required hardware. Although the hardware needs to super support hardware assisted virtualization, many free open source solutions exist for the hypervisor. However some overhead is required to run the hypervisor that controls the guest operating systems, it is trivial compared to the energy savings. (U. S.  Department of Energy, 2011) The efficiency of an algorithm has a significant effect on the resources it consumes, be it CPU time or memory, this is called the space-time tradeoff. Linear search algorithms have always been considered to be slower than indexed searches. Although an index table must be maintained, the efficiency gains on a large scale operation can become substantial for only a few more lines of code. Loop unwinding is a common technique to optimize programs for speed, when programs are written in a space saving mindset; loops are used to make code smaller. When optimized for speed, some unrolled loops will allow for multiple parts to be executed in parallel making better use of processing power. Storage space increases exponentially cheaper than processing power the cost in space can be considered minimal. Extending the life of hardware devices from a 3 year window can save considerably as most of the energy is spent on manufacturing. (Earth Care Tech, 2012) Recycling of computers by donating them to charities and non-profit organizations will help lengthen the life of devices with no cost to the end-user. On the other hand, taking the device to a recycling center where it can be properly dismantled and have the materials re-used can save harmful materials such as lead, cadmium and mercury from ending up in landfills. Experts say computers sometimes contain 4 to 8 pounds of lead. (Roy Bag) For printers, investing in long-life printer drums reduces e-waste for a small increase in the purchase price while inkjets can have their cartridges refill for a fraction of the cost of buying a new cartridge.

Rc lab report Essays

Rc lab report Essays Rc lab report Paper Rc lab report Paper Then the current ceases and the capacitor is fully charged. C Fig. 1 . A capacitor in series with a resistor. The left figure represents the circuit before the switch is closed, and the right after the switch is closed at t=O. The question arises on how does the current in the circuit vary with time while the capacitor is being charged. To answer this, we will apply Kerchiefs second rule, the loop rule, after the switch is closed EIR where q/C is the potential difference between the capacitor plates. We can rearrange this equation as The above equation contains two variables, q and i, which both change as a unction of time t. To solve this equation we will substitute for i dot q q This is the differential equation that describes the variation with time of the charge q on the capacitor shown in Fig. 1. This dependence can be found as follows. We will rearrange the equation to have all terms involving q on the left side and those with t on the right side. Then we will integrate both sides (q -CE)ARC q It q CE In ( ARC -CE (7) where e is the base of the natural logarithm. To find the current i(t) we will substitute for q in CEQ. 3 formula 8. The derivation of q is E-t/ARC where 10 = E/R is the initial current in the circuit. Fig. 2. Charge vs Time during charging Fig. 3. Current vs Time during charging Plots of the charge and the current versus time are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The charge is zero at and approaches the maximum value of CE. The current has the maximum value of lo=E/R at and decays exponentially to zero as t . The product ARC appears in both equations and has the dimension of time. The exponents in those equations must be dimensions. ARC is called the time constant of the circuit and is represented by the symbol r. It is the time in which the current in the circuit has decreased to Lie of the initial value. Likewise, in a time the charge increases from zero to C E(el-l). The potential across the resistor will change as (10) and across the capacitor as q PVC = (11) Both functions change in time as exponential functions with the time constant t=ARC. Discharging a capacitor. Assume that the capacitor in Fig. 1 is fully charged and the potential across the capacitor is equal that of the battery. At time the switch is thrown from a to b so that the capacitor can discharge through resistor R. Substituting in CEQ. 4 we can write the discharging equation: (12) The solution for this equation is = Joe (13) The current can be obtained by differentiating CEQ. 3 i(t)= = ole (14) The minus sign indicates that the direction of the discharge current is in the direction opposite to the charging current. Both functions, q(t) and i(t), decay exponentially with the same time constant = ARC. The potential IVR across the resistor is given by (15) and the potential across the capacitor, PVC, changes in time as ) TTL PVC(t)- (16) Fig. 4. Resistor-capacitor network 2. Procedure The time constant t may be determined experimentally either during charging or discharging of the capacitors. You will use the R-C network shown in Fig. The switches allow you to select different combinations of resistors and capacitors. The positions of the switches shown in Fig. 4 result in the ARC circuit with . Ox Q and C=O. XX-6 F, compare Fig. 5. Fig. 5. ARC circuit corresponding to the positions of the switches in Fig. 4. To charge the capacitor you will use a DC Power Supply, Paso model 9049. Select the 30 V range. T he R-C network is designed to work only within this range. The VARIABLE control turns the power supply on and varies the voltage from O to IV. The output voltage can be read on the bottom scale of the meter. The output terminals have different colors, black for negative terminal and red for positive. Green terminal is only for 500 and 1000 V ranges do not use it!! Charging a capacitor. Set the circuit as shown in Fig. 6. Select a resistor R and a capacitor C. Attached the electrocuted to measure the voltage across the capacitor. Close the switch and start the timer. At regular time intervals record the capacitor voltage. Fig. 6. Experimental set up to charge a capacitor. Discharging a capacitor. Charge the capacitor to the initial potential of 30 VIDE. Disconnect the power supply and close the circuit by sliding the switch to he bottom position. Simultaneously start the timer. Use the electrocuted to measure the voltage across the capacitor at the same time intervals. Repeat point (1) for other values of R and C. 3. Repeat the experiment by charging and discharging capacitors as in (1 ) and (2) but this time measure the voltage across the resistor. According to Ohms law, potential is proportional to resistance multiplied by current. Hence, the potential across the resistor is proportional to the charging current. 3. Report Plot logarithm of the capacitor voltage during charging versus time for different ambitions of R and C.

Semi-, Demi-, and Hemi-

Semi-, Demi-, and Hemi- Semi-, Demi-, and Hemi- Semi-, Demi-, and Hemi- By Maeve Maddox A reader asks: †¨ Is there any rule for when to use semi and when to use half? The Latin prefix semi means half. The earliest semi- words documented in English are semicircular (1432-1450 and semi-mature (c.1440). Both William Langland (c.1332-c.1386) and Chaucer (c.1343-1400) use semi- constructions. According the OED, In the 16th-18th c., the number of permanent compounds was increased mainly by the accession of terms more or less technical [such as semicircle and semivowel]. Although theres no rule, sometimes half would be the better choice, as in this example from Fowler: This would be an immense gain over the existing fashion of a multitude of churches ill-manned semi-filled. Some common semi- words: semiabstract semiannual semiautomatic semicolon semiconscious Two other prefixes that mean half are hemi,-, from the Greek, and demi-, from Old French. In some English words, the French prefix is attached to an English word, as in demigod. Sometimes, as with demitasse and demimonde, the entire word is French. demimonde: n. The class of women of doubtful reputation and social standing, upon the outskirts of ‘society.’[Fr.; lit. ‘half-world’, ‘half-and-half society’, a phrase invented by Dumas the younger.] demitasse: n. a small coffee cup. [Fr., lit. ‘half-cup’] The prefix hemi is not as common as the other two. The most familiar word is hemisphere. Less common are words like hemicycle, hemistich, and hemitrope. In some contexts, the prefixes are used as nouns. Men in U.S. truck commercials rapturize over Hemi trucks. This use of hemi refers to a type of internal combustion engine that has a bowl-shaped or hemispherical combustion chamber. In England, a semi [sÄ•mÄ“] is a semi-detached house. In the U. S., a semi [sÄ•mÄ «] is a big truck of the tractor-trailer variety. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowList of Greek Words in the English LanguageComma Before Too?

Early christians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Early christians - Essay Example The creation of Islamic territories through the expansion of the Arab Empire enhanced the rapid spread of the Islam globally (Goddard, 1995). The region spoke a single language with the Arab missionaries enhancing the spread of both the Arab language and the culture, Sufis who were among the main missionaries in the religion interacted with the local population thereby teaching them about the faith. The spread of the Ottoman Empire coupled with the infusion of Islam in economic activities enhanced the rapid spread of the religion. In short, Islam spread rapidly since it occurred holistically. The spread of the Arab empire introduced new economic systems in the region. As the people engaged in trading, they traded the Islamic values. Such was not the case with Christianity. Christianity coexisted with secular states and remained limited to particular dictates of the faith. Furthermore, some dictates of the religion subjected the people to exploitation thereby causing major resistance to the spread of the faith and later enhanced the formation of the

There are a number of problems associated with the rise of English as Essay

There are a number of problems associated with the rise of English as a world language - Essay Example Different factors work together in attaining such a privileged position. Research personals have pointed out various reasons that help to attain the position. In this regard David Crystal has the opinion that the military power is crucial. He rightly comments: â€Å"a language becomes an international language for one chief reason: the political power of its people- especially their military power† (Burns & Coffin 2001, p. 30). The international economy plays a vital role in determining the future of the English language. Due to globalization the patterns of trade is undergoing drastic changes and new working practices emerge powerfully. For example screen based labour is getting wider acceptance nowadays and it affects the use of the English language in composite ways. At present one can observe a perceptible increase in the number of persons learning and using the English language but a close examination will prove that the long term growth of English is comparatively lesser than its former status. The 20th century witnessed many scientific, economic, and cultural developments and in fact it boosted the relevance of English as well. But it cannot be expected that it will last long as there is a trend of wider mixed language use in the recent years. Mainly four sectors can be identified where English may loose its dominance. Say for the audio- visual market, computer based communication, the associated pro cesses in economic globalization and foreign language training in developing countries where the regional trade may use other language of economic importance. For hundreds of years the English language has been dominated over the mono lingual speakers but now it is expected to have a bilingual future. Language professionals have the opinion that an increasing proportion of the world’s population will be fluent speakers of more than one language in the coming years. It really will affect the dominance of English over the world population. Social value shifts also affect the language of English in a negative way. The actions of governments, institutions and individuals have helped the promotion of English in the recent years. But it was guided by the logic of economic rationalism. Now there is a great change in the public opinion that quality of life is as important as the income. These type values shifts will question the ethical issues associated with the dominance of a world language like English and cause a reassessment of its impact on other cultures (Graddol 1997). The advantages of a world language like English are several. For example in business it can be very important as a medium as the business personals working together may vary of their nationalities. There a common language has got such a great relevance and it decides the effects of their dealings. But at the same time it has got certain demerits or disadvantages as well. First of all the existence of a global language will make an elite monolingual linguistic class and they will have a dismissive and complacent attitude towards other languages. Moreover the accessibility of a common language will make the people lazy of learning other languages. They will be reluctant to utilize such an opportunity though they get a chance. Some times the global language can cause the disappearance for a minority language and it may belittle the necessity of such languages. Above all the practice of a sin gle language can be a threat to social harmony and mutual understanding. This has got historical evidence. The American civil war, the Spanish civil war, Vietnam War former Yugoslavia and contemporary Northern Ireland are

Obesity In The United Arab Emirates

Obesity In The United Arab Emirates A health problem in the UAE and the world today, is obesity. We find it in large proportions. The UK and other countries also suffer from this disease. There are many causes of obesity and it affects people locally in the UAE , the UK and the rest of the world. The incidence of obesity is a major problem with many serious effects for the individual and the countries of the UAE , the UK and the world. This study will highlight the problem in the UAE and the UK just to show that the UAE is not the only one afflicted by obesity. Obesity -what is it? The problem of obesity is a major one in todays society, and it is estimated that more than 1 billion people are being classified as obese worldwide .Obesity is an increase in fatty tissue of the body and around organs, and it can cause a variety of bad health problems. Health problems include emotional as well as physical problems, for example, feelings of inferiority, and low self esteem due to an obese look. For children, name-calling, such as tubby, fatty, elephant, or others, as well as bullying from friends can occur. Physical problems are many, and include ones such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and some cancers. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), where the body can no longer respond to insulin, also happens. This influences the control of blood sugar levels which can rise and fall. In the UAE we have high numbers of diabetes sufferers (Global Arab Network 2010).Estimates show that by 2025, about 300 million people are expected to suffer from diabetes related to obesity . This number is to be double that of 1998 (University Edinburgh). Obesity is more than just having more weight or being overweight. It is an accumulation of extra body fat which puts the obese (overweight) persons health at risk, in the form of heart disease and diabetes (Sofsian). Body mass index (BMI) is used by doctors to find out if a person is obese. BMI correlates with height: A normal range is said to be 18.5-25; overweight is 25-30 and a BMI over 30 is considered to be obese (Henderson; Patient UK). Obesity in the UAE: There are three main causes of obesity in the UAE , namely diet, lifestyle and education. Firstly, diet is seen as one of the most important causes. The dietary (food) intake of most young Emiratis revolve around foods of a high carbohydrate and high fat content such as deep-fried chicken, French fries, burgers and pizzas. Many stores such as KFC, McDonalds, Pizza Hut and Burger King are well-known and visited on a daily basis. This type of food is eaten more now than in the past due to the UAE having become wealthy after the discovery of oil (ADMC). Stevens (2006), reports that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a boom in economic development and financial growth for all families in a region did not always come with improved health for the people who lived there. Sometimes that opposite could occur with the new found wealth going into junk food and too much of it. Next, the lifestyle of the Emiratis is another reason for obesity. Emiratis of today are less active and doing easier jobs such as desk-work, than in the past when they had to perform physical tasks. Today there is a big number of expatriate workers who do most jobs. Also, there is a general lack of exercise among young and old, male and female . This is mostly due to the weather and a lack of interest in sport or exercise. The healthy few, are mostly those who play football or other sports. Children are mostly found playing computer games in the home and eating too much. More money also means more to spend on food, relaxation and eating out. In some cases, married life also cuts back on exercise and contributes to weight-gain (ADMC). Thirdly, a lack of knowledge about healthy eating is another cause. There is an idea that the more money a country has, the more food they consume irrespective of the consequences of wrong-eating. Another factor is that there is a general lack of intervention from parents in terms of childrens eating habits and nutritional values. Parents do not stop children from eating wrongly and sometimes give children too many snacks and sweets. An awareness of healthy dietary requirements is also absent (ADMC; Sify 2010; Stevens 2006;Yaqoob 2009 ). Statistics UAE: These show that more than 60% of Emirati nationals are overweight and this figure is growing. The World Health Organization (WHO) released the following statistics for 2009:39.9% women are obese, 7th highest in the world and the men 25.6% at the 9th highest. Children in the UAE are also obese and this figure is growing (AMEinfo; Sify 2010; Yaqoob, 2009). UK Obesity in the UK is mainly caused by more or less the same factors as in the UAE- overeating; eating the wrong foods; little or no physical exercise/ activity and inheritance. It is shown that about 2 in 5 adults are overweight and a further 1 in 5 are obese (NeLM;Patient UK). According to government statistics 1 in 4 men and 1in 3 women are overweight- 24% for women and 23% for men; however, the rate of men being obese is increasing and at this rate it is estimated that by 2010 about 6.6 million men and about 6 million women will be obese. About 1 in 3 children between the ages of 2 and 15 are overweight (Henderson; IOTF; Lean; Sofsian).The UK is an old developed country and it is long since people moved away from hard physical work. The average UK life is a sedentary one with easier jobs and lots of TV viewing and little exercise. Also, children are less active and stay indoors mostly to play computer games. Effects Individuals and the country are affected in many different ways. The biggest effect of obesity on the individual is that of health risks. Heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and osteoarthritis, to name a few, are prevalent among overweight people. Other problems due to obesity are breathing problems, bad knee joints and difficulty walking (Henderson; Sofsian, 2007). Due to these health concerns the individuals quality of life drops to a low. Obese people can lose confidence and suffer psychologically- this goes for grown-ups and children (Henderson). A result of this could be depression, mood swings, yo-yo dieting, eating disorders like bingeing and withdrawal symptoms (Patient UK;Yaqoob, 2009). The country as a whole can suffer in the form of big numbers of unhealthy citizens in need of medical care. This could put strain on the government health budget in the form of medical-care, heart- transplants and medication. Sick and unhealthy workers are less productive and this leads to a loss of income for companies and job losses for these workers(Henderson). These workers might influence their children badly with eating habits and lifestyle because they are bad role-models (Ameinfo,2009). TREATMENT: Gastric-banding in the UAE to counter Obesity: What is Gastric-banding, gastric bypass and gastric sleeve? Gastric banding is an operation performed under general anesthesia. In this procedure, the surgeon places an adjustable band around the top part of the stomach. It creates a small pouch to hold food. The procedure is done by means of key-hole surgery (laparoscope). Food coming into the pouch is held and let through slowly into the stomach, so the person feels fuller sooner and for a longer time and so does not overeat. This is a safe procedure for those who are drastically overweight and cannot seem to eat less (virtualmedicalcentre 2010). In gastric bypass a step is taken to make the stomach smaller. The surgeon will use staples to divide the stomach into a small upper section and a larger bottom section. The top part of the stomach (called the pouch) is where the food consumed, will go. It holds only a small amount of food. The second step is the bypass. The surgeon will connect a part of the small intestine, called the jejunum, to a small hole in the pouch. The jejunum is farther down from where the stomach normally attaches to the small intestine. Food eaten will now move from the pouch into this new opening into the small intestine. Food now bypasses the lower part of the stomach and the first part of the small intestine, and so the body will absorb less calories (Lee 2009). In a gastric sleeve operation, up to 80 % of the stomach is removed. The remaining portion of the stomach is pinned together, creating a substantially smaller digestive tract (Shaheen 2009). Shaheen (2009) reports that doctors are citing increases of up to 500 % in the number of people turning making use of gastric surgery in trying to lose weight and are even operating on patients as young as 12.This operation is not normally performed on younger than 16 years old, but in this case there was no alternative to curb the obesity. Other Programmes to counter Obesity In the UAE and the UK the governments have started with programmes to lessen obesity and cut back on the numbers of people suffering from it and dying from the results of obesity (Lean, 2006; Yaqoob,2009). Doctors and health practitioners are trying and investigating numerous ways in which to combat obesity (Pittler Ernst 2005). According to Arnold (2009), there are ways and means to overcome the problems of obesity- permanent lifestyle changes in terms of what is eaten, how much is eaten, eating manners and exercise levels. The British Medical Association agrees with the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦interventions at the family and school level need to be matched by changes in the social and cultural context so that the benefits can be sustained and enhanced (BMA, 2005). This means that there should be good efforts and progress made by the medical workers, teachers, doctors, parents, food manufacturers, and media to help with this effort (Yaqoob,2009). An idea even arose to levy a tax on sweet drinks to discourage consumption (New Scientist, 2009). Also, governmental town planners, architects, politicians and legislators should all play a role to build a better and a healthier society (BMA 2005; Yaqoob, 2009). Change 4 Life was started in the UK to highlight child obesity. Their slogan is: Eat well, Move More, Live Longer. It focuses on reducing TV, video games and indoor play and encourages more outdoor play, movement and sports activities (Callaghan, 2009). In the UAE the focus is also on exercise and diet ( McMeans 2008 ; Zawya,2009).At a seminar in Dubai, titled Fat Truth organized by the Ministry of Health and UNICEF, Dr Mariam Mattar, general manager of Community Development Authority, said that In our society, there is an exaggerated focus on feeding children, regardless of their nutritional requirements. In order to control and change the growing number of obese children in the UAE, social attitudes had to change first, according to a senior community doctor and others (Ameinfo,2009; Sify 2010).Schools and families should be encouraged to get children to exercise more and eat better (Baxter 2009). Conclusion: Obesity is not confined to the UAE and the UK alone -it is a world-wide problem. Many of the causes and effects for the UAE and the UK , as well as other countries are mostly similar. People are suffering from obesity in both countries and this is causing extreme health problems, and this puts strain on governmental health services. The problem of obesity has been identified and both countries are addressing these in the form of health education, lifestyle changes and exercise initiatives.

The Effects of Watching a Horror Movie

Over the span of modern history, we have seen the film industry help mold our society in many ways. Over the past two decades, I have seen the Sci-fi horror movies take center stage to entertain us. I will explain in this essay my past experiences, feelings, responses, and fantasies while watching horror movies. My first horror movie, â€Å"Friday the 13th†, was at the very least a suspenseful movie that kept me on the edge of my seat. The main character in the story, Jason, could be seen wearing a dark jumpsuit with a white face mask and usually carried a machete in his hand. He was readily available at any turn to chase teenagers and kill them with his weapon with no remorse. Being a teenager myself, I would often wonder why I chose this movie because his victims were teenagers as well and I suppose that had an effect on me subconsciously. Insanely enough, I continued on watching all of the Friday the 13th movies, as well as other horror movies in the years to come. Although I was a teenager watching this particular movie, I was usually alone†¦. in the dark. Some say I was insane to attempt to watch a movie of that nature alone at my age. Others say it was a great idea and added to the suspense. I will have to admit, when I was growing up, I did not scare easily but the effect it had on me at the moment was a little frightening. While watching the movie alone, I felt like Jason was chasing me and that was very un-nerving. The music that was played in the prelude to each murder really did scare me profoundly. I remember shouting at the television, â€Å"Run Faster† or â€Å"Be Quiet†. I had to hug my pillow for security reasons. I can hear the music playing in my head now. Even years later, I can still remember it vividly. Insanity can be a part of us all. The following may help to prove this theory. I remember my response and feelings after the movie ended. I was intrigued and fascinated and was left wanting more. I didn’t want the movie to end because the dramatic effects and suspense left me wondering what was next. I didn’t like seeing the bloody murders but it fully entertained me throughout the movie without a dull moment. I couldn’t imagine these events happening in real life. I would briefly fantisize about playing a part in one of the murder scenes. I believe that I could run faster than they did to get away from that killing monster. What about the random teenagers that just couldn’t stop breathing hard and whimpering just before Jason found them. Some questions that entered my mind was, now that I have watched this scary movie, will I have nightmares to follow? Could this actually happen to me? Is there someone crazy enough to commit such heinous crimes? I remember thinking that if I were them, I would definitely have more self-control, but I was so scared that I was biting my tongue and clinching my fists. While watching the movie, I was so involved that I imagined what my decisions would realistically be if I were going through the same thing. Would I try to fight back? Would I pass out from being fearful? I’m glad that I don’t have to worry about those things happening to me because; after all it was just a movie.

The Relationship of Allegory of the Cave to Learning and...

The Relationship of Allegory of the Cave to Learning and Education The Allegory of the Cave is Platos attempt to explain the relationship between knowledge and ignorance. Starting with the image of men in fetters that limit their movement and force them to look only ahead, this is the idea that all men and women are bound by the limits of their ignorance. Men and women are restricted by the limits of the education of their parents and the small amounts that can be culled from their environment. Images and shadows are representations of those things surrounding us that we see but do not understand because of our limited knowledge. As we obtain the ability to see things more clearly in the cave that is our ignorance, we start to then†¦show more content†¦Upon first exiting the cave we are blinded by the brightest of light, though we cannot recognize its origin, we know that it charts our course. Slowly we begin to notice at first little variations of light, mostly little color changes, as if we could not have possibly have taken it in all at once. This is the first realization of education; past truths are either put into perspective or proven false. Either way our mind is finally opening up to the ideas and images that have evaded us for so long. The ability to reason is building within us and we start to question all things past we knew to be true. The eyes start to see even more now and the pain has subsided. We are ravenous and cannot seem to get enough of our surroundings. The strangest thing starts to happen, it seems that the more knowledge we acquire the more questions that present themselves. The same could be said for education in two different ways. First, the more knowledge that we acquire, the more ability we seem to have for the future acquisition of knowledge. Its as if we are not limited by the container we use to store this information, on the contrary, we now have discovered that its depths are limitless. Secondly, the more knowledge we acquire, the more confidence we seem to find in regards to taking on bigger challenges and tasks. Upon exiting the cave and acquiring an education and knowledge we are then posed the dilemma. Do weShow MoreRelatedEducation Is A Major Aspect Of An American Childhood953 Words   |  4 PagesEducation is a major aspect of an American childhood. Students are first introduced to the education system at the age of five and are typically required to continue education until eighteen. After high school graduation we are granted the choice to continue our education at a university or a vocational school, or dive in full force in the workforce. Education aids students to determine how they will define success in their life. 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Smoking Is The Single Highest Cause Preventable Death

Smoking is the single highest cause of preventable death in America and puts users at significantly greater risk for disease compared to the rest of the population. Tobacco use costs the U.S. more than 289 billion dollars annually in medical expenses and lost productivity (Surgeon General, 2014). The problems associated with smoking are due in part to its addictiveness. Nicotine is the addictive substance found in tobacco and its chemical dependence is as strong as heroin, cocaine, or alcohol (CDC, 2014). Getting all smokers to quit entirely is not realistic due to nicotine’s addictive characteristics. The evidence suggests that many smokers want to quit but can’t. In 2010 68.8% of smokers reported they would like to quit smoking entirely†¦show more content†¦This study will measure the effectiveness of using differently framed ENDS messages to change perceptions regarding the risks, cessation, and harm-reduction potential of ENDS. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) ENDS are battery powered devices used for nicotine consumption. The nicotine is typically mixed with propylene glycol or glycerol, flavorings, and additional chemicals (Dawkins, Kimber, Puwanesarasa Soar, 2014). Since ENDS are combustion free, they don’t have any â€Å"tar† or ash and deliver fewer toxins and carcinogens compared to regular cigarettes. When looking at twelve different brands, the toxicant levels of ENDS were demonstrated to be 9 to 450 times lower than cigarettes and comparable to a medicinal nicotine inhaler (Goniewicz et al., 2013). There are three generations of ENDS devices. First generation ENDS look similar to cigarettes and are disposable or rechargeable. Second generation ENDS look more like pens and are refillable with a nicotine-containing liquid often referred to as e-liquid. First and second generation devices are commonly sold in convenience stores. (Dawkins et al., 2014). Third generation ENDS are often referred to as Personal Vaporizers (PV). PV’s are sold in â€Å"vaping† stores or lounges and cost much more than first and second generation devices. They are more common with long-term ENDS users and are more